Age: 40 years old in 1931 (born around 1891) Gender: Male Occupation: American missionary from United Christian Missionary Society and he works for the University of Nanking Hospital. Social Class: middle-class Financial situation: Not wealthy, but not poor. James Henry McCallum earns his living from his job as a doctor and a missionary in the United Christian Missionary Society. He does not get paid regularly from the Missionary Society, but gets financial help once a year when needed. Appearance: Dr. McCallum is tall and lean with long legs. His hair is always tidy because he combs it every morning as he disgusts messy hair. Dr. McCallum wears glasses only when treating patients because his eyesight is good enough to live a daily life without glasses. He usually wears a tidy suit with a black jacket except in the hospital. Dr. McCallum has a long nose with large, unique ears which distinguishes him from other American missionaries. LocationNanking Map RL :Nanking Habitual Location: He's usually at the University of Nanking Hospital, treating patients from the war. Daily routine: 6:30 am: wakes up 7:00am: eats a healthy breakfast with peer doctors 7:00-7:30am: changes into his suits, packs his hospital bag, combs his hairs, leaves his house. 7:30-8:00am: meeting with his peer doctors in the hospital 8:00-11:30am: treats patients with simple to severe injuries 11:30-12:00pm: simple lunch 12:00-2:30pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries 2:30-3:30pm: bible study within the hospital with patients and doctors 3:30-6:00pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries 6:00-6:30pm: simple dinner with doctors and friends 6:30-8:00pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries 8:00pm: leaves the hospital and heads home 8:00-9:00pm: changes his clothes, takes a shower, combs his hair, gets ready for bible reading 9:00-10:00pm: prays & reads the bible 10:00-10:30pm: goes to bed Personality/Quirks/Unique Personality Traits: He pursues for perfection and he cannot resist himself from helping the poor or other people who are ill. His strong faith in God motivates him to help others as it will lead him towards a virtuous life; this is one of the main reasons why he chose to became a doctor. Dr. McCallum has great resonsibility as a doctor and a husband as he is a man of "perfection". Past/individual-family history: As a role model, his father was a doctor in the Hospital of the University of Illinois with great honor and respect. Despite peoples' respect and honor towards his family, his parents were dedicated to donations and charity which did not leave much wealth for James. However, as a kid, James was strongly motivated by his parents' kindness and care for their peers which led him to be the same as his parents. Family: He is married to Eva Anderson McCallum and as he starts to work for the University of Nanking Hospital, his other family members live in Kuling, China. Social relations with your own and other classes (people you deal with or know about in other classes, AND your opinions and feelings about them): Dr. McCallum feels pity and sympathy for the victims of war, so he tries his best to save those who can be saved with medical treatment. However, he meets several Japanese soldiers who feel the same way towards the victims as him, which surprises him. He ultimately becomes confused by the scenes of murder by the Japanese coinciding with Japanese soldiers coming to him and talking about their sympathy towards the Chinese victims. He is highly respected among his peers because of his passion towards saving the victims and his reputation of perfection. Religion: Christian Education: He has received basic education from his parents as his father was a doctor in the Hospital of the University of Illinois. He, as well, received full education from the University of Illinois with a masters degree of Physical Med. James was highly respected by his classmates and the professors of his university as he graduated all classes with honors. This proves his knowledge of the medical field as well as his manners among his peers. Portrait: see right
Diary # I: Calm Before the Storm (Diary)
September 1, 1937
Dear Diary,
My bible and cross for God
My love, Eva
I hate the weather these days; it's windy. My hair has gotten all fuzzy and I have to comb it even more now. There's shocking news in the street. Japan has officially claimed war on China yesterday. War? Why? Why would one country do such crime? My real concern is that I have to leave Eva alone if I get recruited to China for help in their hospitals. I would love to help the people in China as I am guessing a lot of them would get injured, but Eva and I have just met back from my trip from Japan. I would have to talk to Eva, but I hope she's okay with it because it is my duty to cure the people if they can be cured. Would there be a lot of causalities from this war? Please, God, help us, help China, help Japan, and help everyone. God, my faith in you has brought me here and I will try my best to help the people. I have to get more information about the hospitals in China as our embassy will not support our help right away. How could a government think only for itself? We, as a guidance for the Chinese, should offer help first! Cruel, cruel, cruel. I will have to ask Minnie, my friend since college, about this as she will be definitely willing to go with me; she is a warm, caring woman. I just hope Eva has a place to stay, not in the war area, but somewhere safe in China as we will miss each other desperately. Everything will turn out to be good. God is with us.
My father once said, "You are here to help others. You are here to love God. You are here to care for your family. You are here because God sent you." I will always remember this and write it in my journal as it is the motive of my life. It is my duty to go to China if I have the opportunity to. Amen.
PIC CITATION: "My London Your London » 20th-century Women Writers at the National Portrait Gallery." My London Your London. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://mylondonyourlondon.com/?p=125>. "Prince of Peace United Methodist Church." Prince of Peace United Methodist Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.popumc.org/>.
Diary # 2: A Knock at the Gate: (Prayer)
November 14th, 1937
W.ar, the corruption among human beings, A.ppears to be happening, now. R.aiding into Nanking, it has already begun.
My Bible
Almighty, majestic God,
How can I express my disapproval of war to other men? When would they know the severance of their corruption during a period of war? Help us God, an innocent city, Nanking, has been invaded by the Japanese military since last night. The invasion has not ceased, actually, it has gotten worse over the past few hours with more troops entering our innocent city, Nanking (also the capital of our fellow country, China). Few months ago when Japan declared war on Japan, I was worried about leaving Eva alone because she is a tender women. However, my concerns have changed as the innocent people of yours are being destroyed by its own family in Nanking, but you have taught us that humans are a family. A family, a friend, a companion invading one another's home; the home which you have provided us with. Many of those Chinese fellows have gone to you already and have left us during the Shanghai invasion, few months ago during the summer. Why does this have to continue? Why can't we live in harmony? God, I have chosen to become a doctor to save people. However, the people I might be saving few weeks later would be savaged by their fellow men. Japanese and Chinese; they are a family with your guidance in their lives. Killing each other? And I have to cure the ones in danger? God, this is not what I had expected when I had determined to be a doctor. I wanted to cure those with illnesses and unfortunate accidents, not those with injuries from their own companions. God, send some guidance from above. Please, cease this corruption for once.
I had a dream last night about this disaster. Our innocent people of Nanking were continuously being killed and mistreated by the Chinese. It was terrifying to see it, even in my dreams. Almighty God, I am worried and scared as my dream might come to reality in just a few days. Please, prevent it. God, I have talked to Eva, my love, and she has introduced me to a new friend, George Ashmore Fitch. She met his wife Geraldine at church and talked about me and George being sent to Nanking eventually. George is also a messenger of you and we will help guide the people of Nanking and the soldiers of Japan if necessary. God, I am devoted to help other men as we are a family whether it is in the form of medical help or the message of yours.
God, my father once said, "You are here to help others. You are here to love God. You are here to care for your family. You are here because God sent you." I hope my father and my devotion and faith towards you will help the people in Nanking survive without any injuries. War is inevitable without you, but I believe it's avoidable with your guidance.
Japan invades Nanking
PICTURE CITATIONS: Footprints on the Fridge. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://footprintsonthefridge.typepad.com/>. Mid-October, Chinese situation in Shanghai. "Battle of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Diary # 3: The Gates Come Tumbling Down (Letter)
Japan marching into Nanking.
December 10th, 1937
Dear Eva,
Eva, I am sorry to leave you without notice. I wouldn't have been able to come here if you had known about this since you and I would be too sad. I just arrived safely at Nanking, so you don't have to worry. Eva, I can't hide to you that things here are not so good. Truthfully, it's terrible. I heard from a fellow American journalist named Frank Tillman that last week, as the Japanese air raids on Nanking became more and more intensified, General Chiang Kai-shek announced that the Nationalist government of China would eventually transfer the capital from Nanking to Chungking. Moreover, its military headquarters would be moved to the transitional capital of Hankow. Due to this, tons of wealthy Chinese families and fellow Americans started leaving the city of Nanking, and I saw several of them leaving today as well. However, Eva, I cannot return home nor leave this country like the others. Do not blame the Chinese people or their government because they have tried their best to evacuate us away from the danger. Last week, General Tang Sheng-Chih even issued a bulletin to foreign residents, urging us to leave because the Chinese government cannot guarantee anyone safety. Eva, as you can notice, the situation is horrible with rising fear among the people, including myself. The government has almost given up to defend its people and even the foreigners as the Japanese military is rapidly raiding into the country. The only plan they have is called the Scorched earth, I think, which refers to a technique which basically destroys everything in the city to supply its enemy with nothing. However, this is not confirmed as it is merely a rumor among the soldiers and the Chinese people in my area. The only reason I am staying here is because as a Christian, as a son of my father, and as a proud husband of my dear love, I have the duty to save anyone I can with my knowledge of the medical field and God. Forgive me, Eva. I am in a good condition compared to the Chinese citizens of Nanking as they are becoming hopeless and they are extremely disappointed on their government's lack of strength to protect their own people. At least, I have the hope to save the people with my knowledge as a doctor and the certainty that my loving wife is safe. Eva, I love you and always remember, I am with you at all times.
A Japanese soldier raged into the hospital to kill one of the patients.
The people of our friend country, China, were once filled with disappointment and sadness. To my memory, it was not a long time ago when I wrote to Eva about how Nanking was invaded by the Japanese. Now, Nanking is suddenly filled with bruises, cuts, tears, dark futures, and unlimited moments of death. It has become much worse than before as physical pain has been added to the existing mental conflicts brought by the Japanese. There are endless kids, women, men filling our hospital with (not supposed to say this but...) disgusting bruises and wounds from the Japanese soldiers. Broken necks, dangling arms and legs, slashes, blood. I have never seen such painful and immoral reasons for patients coming into the hospital as back at home, there were emergency patients but they were caused by accidents, illnesses and such. The patients here, come with indescribable faces and bodies covered with blood and lashes from bayonets. I cannot describe these to Eva as she will get extremely shocked by what's happening here and what I am seeing every day. This diary is the only place where I can unleash my thoughts and unforgettable memories from the hospital
Two days ago, a women dragged herself into the hospital with countless wounds and an open stomach. It seemed like she was bayoneted by the Japanese soldiers while resisting to be raped. We found 29 wounds on her body, but I am sure that was not all of them as I had to look at another patient after treating her with emergency tools. I didn't even have the time to finish one patient as our hospital was filled. I saw hundreds of women and girls with t
A Chinese boy getting ready to be killed by a Japanese soldier.
he same situation, but I figured that those were only few of all of them who experienced it. Most of them, the innocent women, faced death while resisting. They say that it is better to die than to face the Japanese soldiers with two open eyes. Yesterday, this little girl, about 11 years old, was carried by a Chinese soldier into the hospital as her face was covered with tears. The soldier instantly had to go back ultimately to face death, but this girl wouldn't let him go. I held her hand and she cried even more. According to the soldiers, her father had been bayoneted to death, her mother had been shot, and this girl had a horrible slash in the elbow. It was terrible to see a little girl crying not only because of her wound, but also because she had become an orphan in just a few minutes. This was horrible. It shouldn't happen. It shouldn't have happened. Reverend John Magee also helped the hospital as the chairman of the International Red Cross Nanking Branch. He was our savior sent from God to help the people in Nanking. We both tried our best to save the people we could, but it was mostly hopeless. Hope was what we needed. We didn't have enough medical tools and beds for merely half of the patients. Most of them were dying at the front of the hospital. Actually, most of them weren't able to come to the hospital; they had already been killed and raped. Holy God, please save the people and stop this chaos. Patients are raging into the hospital even this mome...I better go.
A video taken by Reverend John Magee viewing the patients at our hospital.
VIDEO CITATION: XiaozeXie. " YouTube - Nanking Massacre-Japanese Atrocities filmed by John Magee ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeIxDezImGM>.
Diary # 5: A Survivor (Diary)
December 1st, 1954
The world has changed, yet stays the same. The world is continuously evolving with rapidly rising population rates and economic growth especially in my homeland, America. Oh, with the growths and population booms, something interesting has also happened. Racial segregation has been declared unconstitutional at least in public schools this year. Even until I was in my mid-ages, racism thrived in my society. God has finally given hope to those who were excluded once in history. Amen. However, the world is still in its place with chaos and endless deaths. War never seems to disappear; after the several wars in my life, war still exists. Korea is having its war within itself between the North and the South. I heard that a lot of our soldiers are being sent to Korea for its aid, but I still don't understand. People tend to learn from mistakes, but they never learn from wars.
The immoral war of Nanking has ended in reality, but not in my heart. I still remember the faces of every single Chinese patient in my hospital as well as the innocent faces of most Japanese soldiers in the streets. Now I realize the real hearts and thoughts of the Japanese soldiers. They did not want to kill the Chinese; they did not. What now, it's too late. God has taken the innocent Chinese civilians and I believe they are resting near God.
My friends in the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone, back in the days.
I do not regret my decision back in the days, when I had decided to stay in Nanking, as I will do the same if it happens again, which should not. My fellow friends, especially John Magee, who were in the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone always told me, "God will bless us because we have tried our best to love our peers." God bless John as he left me last year. Our committee changed its name to the Nanking International Relief Committee in 1938, but I see no point in it as the casualties of the Nanking incident do not come back, and they never will. Because I survived, I'm living happily with my love, Eva and our beautiful daughter Maria. Maria is a present from God as we decided to adopt her from China after her parents were killed during the Nanking incident. Maria fortunately survived as I brought her home. Eva loves her from the bottom of her heart. Thank you God, Amen.
PIC CITATION: "The International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.or./wiki/ The_International_ Committee _for_the_ Nanking_Safety_Zone>. HELFT, MIGUEL, and MOTOKO RICH. "October « 2008 « Shine A Light." blogs.dixcdn.com Coming Soon!. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://blogs.dixcdn.com/shine_a_light/2008/10/>. "WarChat." History War Chat. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <www.warchat.org/history/history-asia/korean-war.html>. "The Japanese army received a letter of thanks for peace in the refugee district.." History gr.. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://history.gr.jp/~nanking/chapter02_06.html>. Jo, Minwoo. "RON Minwoo." Splashman wikispace. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <splashman.phoenix.wikispaces.net/RON+Minwoo>. "There’s so much I have to learn about China « little sacred space." little sacred space. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://littlesacredspace.wordpress.com/2008/10/01/theres-so-much-i-have-to-learn-about-china/>. CITATIONS FOR INFORMATION:
Carroll,Andrew."Google Books."Googlescholar.N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://books.google.co.k /books?id=Q8Ve_xUUW4wC& pg=PA304&lpg=PA304&dq=James+Henry+McCallum+letter&source=bl&ots=2rJ2CapELx&sig=01bgwDGJaCNVQPGJjunG-BfVGaA&hl=en ei=QRnhTI7dNYOosQOXoe2kCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=J>. Order, Commander General Iwane Matsui strict. "The Japanese army received a letter of thanks for peace in the refugee district.." Journals. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. <http://history.gr.jp/~nanking/chapter02_06.html>.
Basic Information
Name: James Henry McCallumAge: 40 years old in 1931 (born around 1891)
Gender: Male
Occupation: American missionary from United Christian Missionary Society and he works for the University of Nanking Hospital.
Social Class: middle-class
Financial situation: Not wealthy, but not poor. James Henry McCallum earns his living from his job as a doctor and a missionary in the United Christian Missionary Society. He does not get paid regularly from the Missionary Society, but gets financial help once a year when needed.
Appearance: Dr. McCallum is tall and lean with long legs. His hair is always tidy because he combs it every morning as he disgusts messy hair. Dr. McCallum wears glasses only when treating patients because his eyesight is good enough to live a daily life without glasses. He usually wears a tidy suit with a black jacket except in the hospital. Dr. McCallum has a long nose with large, unique ears which distinguishes him from other American missionaries.
Location Nanking Map RL :Nanking
Habitual Location: He's usually at the University of Nanking Hospital, treating patients from the war.
Daily routine:
6:30 am: wakes up
7:00am: eats a healthy breakfast with peer doctors
7:00-7:30am: changes into his suits, packs his hospital bag, combs his hairs, leaves his house.
7:30-8:00am: meeting with his peer doctors in the hospital
8:00-11:30am: treats patients with simple to severe injuries
11:30-12:00pm: simple lunch
12:00-2:30pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries
2:30-3:30pm: bible study within the hospital with patients and doctors
3:30-6:00pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries
6:00-6:30pm: simple dinner with doctors and friends
6:30-8:00pm: treats patients with simple to severe injuries
8:00pm: leaves the hospital and heads home
8:00-9:00pm: changes his clothes, takes a shower, combs his hair, gets ready for bible reading
9:00-10:00pm: prays & reads the bible
10:00-10:30pm: goes to bed
Personality/Quirks/Unique Personality Traits: He pursues for perfection and he cannot resist himself from helping the poor or other people who are ill. His strong faith in God motivates him to help others as it will lead him towards a virtuous life; this is one of the main reasons why he chose to became a doctor. Dr. McCallum has great resonsibility as a doctor and a husband as he is a man of "perfection".
Past/individual-family history: As a role model, his father was a doctor in the Hospital of the University of Illinois with great honor and respect. Despite peoples' respect and honor towards his family, his parents were dedicated to donations and charity which did not leave much wealth for James. However, as a kid, James was strongly motivated by his parents' kindness and care for their peers which led him to be the same as his parents.
Family: He is married to Eva Anderson McCallum and as he starts to work for the University of Nanking Hospital, his other family members live in Kuling, China.
Social relations with your own and other classes (people you deal with or know about in other classes, AND your opinions and feelings about them): Dr. McCallum feels pity and sympathy for the victims of war, so he tries his best to save those who can be saved with medical treatment. However, he meets several Japanese soldiers who feel the same way towards the victims as him, which surprises him. He ultimately becomes confused by the scenes of murder by the Japanese coinciding with Japanese soldiers coming to him and talking about their sympathy towards the Chinese victims. He is highly respected among his peers because of his passion towards saving the victims and his reputation of perfection.
Religion: Christian
Education: He has received basic education from his parents as his father was a doctor in the Hospital of the University of Illinois. He, as well, received full education from the University of Illinois with a masters degree of Physical Med. James was highly respected by his classmates and the professors of his university as he graduated all classes with honors. This proves his knowledge of the medical field as well as his manners among his peers.
Portrait: see right
Diary # I: Calm Before the Storm (Diary)
September 1, 1937
Dear Diary,
I hate the weather these days; it's windy. My hair has gotten all fuzzy and I have to comb it even more now. There's shocking news in the street. Japan has officially claimed war on China yesterday. War? Why? Why would one country do such crime? My real concern is that I have to leave Eva alone if I get recruited to China for help in their hospitals. I would love to help the people in China as I am guessing a lot of them would get injured, but Eva and I have just met back from my trip from Japan. I would have to talk to Eva, but I hope she's okay with it because it is my duty to cure the people if they can be cured. Would there be a lot of causalities from this war? Please, God, help us, help China, help Japan, and help everyone. God, my faith in you has brought me here and I will try my best to help the people. I have to get more information about the hospitals in China as our embassy will not support our help right away. How could a government think only for itself? We, as a guidance for the Chinese, should offer help first! Cruel, cruel, cruel. I will have to ask Minnie, my friend since college, about this as she will be definitely willing to go with me; she is a warm, caring woman. I just hope Eva has a place to stay, not in the war area, but somewhere safe in China as we will miss each other desperately. Everything will turn out to be good. God is with us.
My father once said, "You are here to help others. You are here to love God. You are here to care for your family. You are here because God sent you." I will always remember this and write it in my journal as it is the motive of my life. It is my duty to go to China if I have the opportunity to. Amen.
PIC CITATION:
"My London Your London » 20th-century Women Writers at the National Portrait Gallery." My London Your London. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://mylondonyourlondon.com/?p=125>.
"Prince of Peace United Methodist Church." Prince of Peace United Methodist Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://www.popumc.org/>.
Diary # 2: A Knock at the Gate: (Prayer)
November 14th, 1937
W.ar, the corruption among human beings,
A.ppears to be happening, now.
R.aiding into Nanking, it has already begun.
Almighty, majestic God,
How can I express my disapproval of war to other men? When would they know the severance of their corruption during a period of war? Help us God, an innocent city, Nanking, has been invaded by the Japanese military since last night. The invasion has not ceased, actually, it has gotten worse over the past few hours with more troops entering our innocent city, Nanking (also the capital of our fellow country, China). Few months ago when Japan declared war on Japan, I was worried about leaving Eva alone because she is a tender women. However, my concerns have changed as the innocent people of yours are being destroyed by its own family in Nanking, but you have taught us that humans are a family. A family, a friend, a companion invading one another's home; the home which you have provided us with. Many of those Chinese fellows have gone to you already and have left us during the Shanghai invasion, few months ago during the summer. Why does this have to continue? Why can't we live in harmony? God, I have chosen to become a doctor to save people. However, the people I might be saving few weeks later would be savaged by their fellow men. Japanese and Chinese; they are a family with your guidance in their lives. Killing each other? And I have to cure the ones in danger? God, this is not what I had expected when I had determined to be a doctor. I wanted to cure those with illnesses and unfortunate accidents, not those with injuries from their own companions. God, send some guidance from above. Please, cease this corruption for once.
I had a dream last night about this disaster. Our innocent people of Nanking were continuously being killed and mistreated by the Chinese. It was terrifying to see it, even in my dreams. Almighty God, I am worried and scared as my dream might come to reality in just a few days. Please, prevent it. God, I have talked to Eva, my love, and she has introduced me to a new friend, George Ashmore Fitch. She met his wife Geraldine at church and talked about me and George being sent to Nanking eventually. George is also a messenger of you and we will help guide the people of Nanking and the soldiers of Japan if necessary. God, I am devoted to help other men as we are a family whether it is in the form of medical help or the message of yours.
God, my father once said, "You are here to help others. You are here to love God. You are here to care for your family. You are here because God sent you." I hope my father and my devotion and faith towards you will help the people in Nanking survive without any injuries. War is inevitable without you, but I believe it's avoidable with your guidance.
PICTURE CITATIONS:
Footprints on the Fridge. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. <http://footprintsonthefridge.typepad.com/>.
Mid-October, Chinese situation in Shanghai. "Battle of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Diary # 3: The Gates Come Tumbling Down (Letter)
December 10th, 1937
Dear Eva,
Eva, I am sorry to leave you without notice. I wouldn't have been able to come here if you had known about this since you and I would be too sad. I just arrived safely at Nanking, so you don't have to worry. Eva, I can't hide to you that things here are not so good. Truthfully, it's terrible. I heard from a fellow American journalist named Frank Tillman that last week, as the Japanese air raids on Nanking became more and more intensified, General Chiang Kai-shek announced that the Nationalist government of China would eventually transfer the capital from Nanking to Chungking. Moreover, its military headquarters would be moved to the transitional capital of Hankow. Due to this, tons of wealthy Chinese families and fellow Americans started leaving the city of Nanking, and I saw several of them leaving today as well. However, Eva, I cannot return home nor leave this country like the others. Do not blame the Chinese people or their government because they have tried their best to evacuate us away from the danger. Last week, General Tang Sheng-Chih even issued a bulletin to foreign residents, urging us to leave because the Chinese government cannot guarantee anyone safety. Eva, as you can notice, the situation is horrible with rising fear among the people, including myself. The government has almost given up to defend its people and even the foreigners as the Japanese military is rapidly raiding into the country. The only plan they have is called the Scorched earth, I think, which refers to a technique which basically destroys everything in the city to supply its enemy with nothing. However, this is not confirmed as it is merely a rumor among the soldiers and the Chinese people in my area. The only reason I am staying here is because as a Christian, as a son of my father, and as a proud husband of my dear love, I have the duty to save anyone I can with my knowledge of the medical field and God. Forgive me, Eva. I am in a good condition compared to the Chinese citizens of Nanking as they are becoming hopeless and they are extremely disappointed on their government's lack of strength to protect their own people. At least, I have the hope to save the people with my knowledge as a doctor and the certainty that my loving wife is safe. Eva, I love you and always remember, I am with you at all times.
PIC CITATION:
"Japan Focus." Japan Focus. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2010. <http://www.japanfocus.org/-Herbert_P_-Bix/2741>.Diary # 4: Through the Gates into Hell (Diary)
December 20th, 1937
Dear Diary,
The people of our friend country, China, were once filled with disappointment and sadness. To my memory, it was not a long time ago when I wrote to Eva about how Nanking was invaded by the Japanese. Now, Nanking is suddenly filled with bruises, cuts, tears, dark futures, and unlimited moments of death. It has become much worse than before as physical pain has been added to the existing mental conflicts brought by the Japanese. There are endless kids, women, men filling our hospital with (not supposed to say this but...) disgusting bruises and wounds from the Japanese soldiers. Broken necks, dangling arms and legs, slashes, blood. I have never seen such painful and immoral reasons for patients coming into the hospital as back at home, there were emergency patients but they were caused by accidents, illnesses and such. The patients here, come with indescribable faces and bodies covered with blood and lashes from bayonets. I cannot describe these to Eva as she will get extremely shocked by what's happening here and what I am seeing every day. This diary is the only place where I can unleash my thoughts and unforgettable memories from the hospital
Two days ago, a women dragged herself into the hospital with countless wounds and an open stomach. It seemed like she was bayoneted by the Japanese soldiers while resisting to be raped. We found 29 wounds on her body, but I am sure that was not all of them as I had to look at another patient after treating her with emergency tools. I didn't even have the time to finish one patient as our hospital was filled. I saw hundreds of women and girls with t
A video taken by Reverend John Magee viewing the patients at our hospital.
PIC CITATION:
" Chinese Boy Beheaded - Rights Managed - Corbis." Corbis – Premium Quality Stock Photo and Illustration. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2010. <http://www.corbisimages.com/Enlargement/Enlargement.aspx?id=42-18233219&ext=1>.
"City Of Angels • View topic - Top 10 Most Disturbing Films." City Of Angels • Portal. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2010. <http://cityofangels.freeforums.org/viewtopic.php?f=554&t=1376&view=next>.
VIDEO CITATION:
XiaozeXie. " YouTube - Nanking Massacre-Japanese Atrocities filmed by John Magee ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeIxDezImGM>.
Diary # 5: A Survivor (Diary)
December 1st, 1954
The world has changed, yet stays the same. The world is continuously evolving with rapidly rising population rates and economic growth especially in my homeland, America. Oh, with the growths and population booms, something interesting has also happened. Racial segregation has been declared unconstitutional at least in public schools this year. Even until I was in my mid-ages, racism thrived in my society. God has finally given hope to those who were excluded once in history. Amen. However, the world is still in its place with chaos and endless deaths. War never seems to disappear; after the several wars in my life, war still exists. Korea is having its war within itself between the North and the South. I heard that a lot of our soldiers are being sent to Korea for its aid, but I still don't understand. People tend to learn from mistakes, but they never learn from wars.
The immoral war of Nanking has ended in reality, but not in my heart. I still remember the faces of every single Chinese patient in my hospital as well as the innocent faces of most Japanese soldiers in the streets. Now I realize the real hearts and thoughts of the Japanese soldiers. They did not want to kill the Chinese; they did not. What now, it's too late. God has taken the innocent Chinese civilians and I believe they are resting near God.
I do not regret my decision back in the days, when I had decided to stay in Nanking, as I will do the same if it happens again, which should not. My fellow friends, especially John Magee, who were in the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone always told me, "God will bless us because we have tried our best to love our peers." God bless John as he left me last year. Our committee changed its name to the Nanking International Relief Committee in 1938, but I see no point in it as the casualties of the Nanking incident do not come back, and they never will. Because I survived, I'm living happily with my love, Eva and our beautiful daughter Maria. Maria is a present from God as we decided to adopt her from China after her parents were killed during the Nanking incident. Maria fortunately survived as I brought her home. Eva loves her from the bottom of her heart. Thank you God, Amen.
PIC CITATION:
"The International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.or./wiki/ The_International_ Committee _for_the_ Nanking_Safety_Zone>.
HELFT, MIGUEL, and MOTOKO RICH. "October « 2008 « Shine A Light." blogs.dixcdn.com Coming Soon!. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://blogs.dixcdn.com/shine_a_light/2008/10/>.
"WarChat." History War Chat. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <www.warchat.org/history/history-asia/korean-war.html>.
"The Japanese army received a letter of thanks for peace in the refugee district.." History gr.. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://history.gr.jp/~nanking/chapter02_06.html>.
Jo, Minwoo. "RON Minwoo." Splashman wikispace. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <splashman.phoenix.wikispaces.net/RON+Minwoo>.
"There’s so much I have to learn about China « little sacred space." little sacred space. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://littlesacredspace.wordpress.com/2008/10/01/theres-so-much-i-have-to-learn-about-china/>.
CITATIONS FOR INFORMATION:
Carroll,Andrew."Google Books."Googlescholar.N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. <http://books.google.co.k /books?id=Q8Ve_xUUW4wC& pg=PA304&lpg=PA304&dq=James+Henry+McCallum+letter&source=bl&ots=2rJ2CapELx&sig=01bgwDGJaCNVQPGJjunG-BfVGaA&hl=en ei=QRnhTI7dNYOosQOXoe2kCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=J>.
Order, Commander General Iwane Matsui strict. "The Japanese army received a letter of thanks for peace in the refugee district.." Journals. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. <http://history.gr.jp/~nanking/chapter02_06.html>.